This document may be distributed freely provided no charge of any kind occurs and all accompanying files (XLAT.CPP, ISOXLAT.PAS, ISOTEST.PAS, and ISOEMSI.DOC) is left unmodified.

This is to document what has been suggested as an upcoming addendum to the EMSI specifications. The next version of FrontDoor (higher than 2.10) and, I believe TrapDoor, will (or does) use this scheme when creating the EMSI_DAT packet.

The reason for this is to allow high-bit ASCII (or “international characters”) and national codepages to be used transparently. The new encoding scheme does not break anything in existing implementations unless high-bit ASCII is used, in which case it may affect (cosmetic or otherwise) the operation of a mailer that doesn’t support the new scheme.

Basics

All data that is placed in the EMSI_DAT packet is translated to ISO 8859-1 and then processed as usual. Any escaping as per the EMSI specification, is done after the translation to ISO 8859-1. On the receiving side, the data is first unescaped and then translated from ISO 8859-1 to the local codepage. Data that is strictly seven bit ASCII is not translated by the code accompanying this document.

There is no flag or other indicator to show that the EMSI_DAT packet has been encoded using ISO 8859-1. The IEMSI portion of the EMSI specification is not affected at this time.

Notes

One rather serious drawback is that you will see password failures between mailers that use high-bit ASCII in the password between two systems where one is using a mailer that uses the ISO 8859-1 scheme and the other isn’t. The recommended cure is to either remove the high-bit ASCII, or to have the mailer replaced/updated.

Code

The accompanying code, XLAT.CPP (by Alexander Holy, 2:310/90) and ISOXLAT.PAS and ISOTEST.PAS may be used free of charge, no warranties or guarantees, etc. If you find reason to make changes, we would appreciate hearing about it.

That’s about it..

Joaquim Homrighausen
joho@defsol.se

// end of file “isoemsi.doc”

Document: FSC-0056
Version:  001
Date:     03-May-1991

                      EMSI/IEMSI Protocol Definitions
                          Joaquim H. Homrighausen
                               May 3, 1991

    Status of this document:

     This FSC suggests a proposed protocol for the FidoNet(r) community,
     and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
     Distribution of this document is subject to the restrictions
     specified on the next page.

     Fido and FidoNet are registered marks of Tom Jennings and Fido
     Software.

      (Also known as EMSC-001; Electronic Mail Standards Document #001)
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
      Copyright 1989-1991 Joaquim H. Homrighausen. All rights reserved.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    Notice
    =====================================================================
    This document obsoletes EMSI_003 and any previous document describing
    the EMSI, UZAP, and/or IEMSI handshake protocol. I apologize for the
    lack of proper state charts. I am currently under a fairly heavy
    work-load and thought it would be better to release something half-
    decent than not to release anything at all.

    Restrictions
    =====================================================================
    EMSI/IEMSI may be used by any developer as long as these
    specifications are followed exactly. The IEMSI and EMSI specifications
    may be implemented independently of each other.

    EMSI/IEMSI may be used free-of-charge by any developer for any
    purpose, commercially or otherwise. In creating EMSI/IEMSI, we are
    taking the first step towards developing a clear protocol definition
    for state-of-the-art E-Mail systems to follow.

    This document and its NOTES file (EMSI.NOT) may be freely copied and
    distributed, but must NEVER be distributed in a modified form. If you
    have an enhancement request, please contact the author of this
    document; do not change it yourself.

    Permission is hereby granted to the FTSC (Fidonet Technical Standards
    Committee) and other technical organisations to republish this
    document in its entirety. Librarians may change the title page and
    page headers to match their library format as long as all copyrights
    and body text remain unaltered. The original document name and source
    (EMSC) must be mentioned in any republished versions of this
    document.

    No organization, company, person, or other being may impose any fees
    for any reason for providing this document. This document may not be
    sold or otherwise transferred for personal or company gain under any
    circumstances.

    Layout
    =====================================================================
    This document consists of four major parts; A short introduction and
    explanation of the EMSI/IEMSI handshake protocol, the EMSI
    definitions, the IEMSI definitions, and finally various notes and
    credits.

    PART I

    Introduction
    =====================================================================
    The EMSI/IEMSI handshake protocol allows for maximum flexibility in
    E-Mail session start-up and control. The YooHoo (FTS-6) standard,
    designed by Wynn Wagner III, was a good idea, but did not allow
    sufficient room for growth and cannot be used in 7-bit environments.
    EMSI/IEMSI should provide for virtually unlimited growth and
    expansion of its own scope. By providing variable-length packets,
    EMSI/IEMSI is capable of being as simple or as complex as necessary
    and entirely backwards compatible when new features and/or protocols
    are added.

    All EMSI/IEMSI packets and sequences consists of 7-bit printable
    ASCII characters. This format allows us to establish a universal
    handshake between "PCs" and "mainframes" alike. The more complicated
    the computer system, the more restrictions affect its I/O; there are
    many I/O channels that cannot transmit control characters such as XON
    and XOFF; for this, we have created a universal handshake protocol
    that uses all printable characters.

    EMSI/IEMSI does allow control and 8-bit ASCII characters to be
    transmitted. This is, however, accomplished by escaping the data
    and converting it to 7-bit printable ASCII characters.

    Data layer
    =====================================================================
    EMSI/IEMSI is a protocol based on multi-character sequences rather
    than single character flow control. There are several advantages of
    using several characters rather than just one, but there is also a
    drawback. On very poor-quality telephone lines, EMSI will most likely
    require several retransmissions of packets since line noise usually
    come in bursts. That aside, there is little advantage in using a
    protocol based on single characters.

    All EMSI/IEMSI sequences are terminated by a single  unless
    otherwise specified. This is necessary to force some data collection
    equipment to flush their buffers. Appending  to EMSI/IEMSI
    sequences in a FidoNet environment is a delicate matter and it is
    important that you follow the notes regarding this.

    Note regarding file requests
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The file request concept mentioned in the EMSI document refers to
    WaZOO style file requests as specified in FTS-6. No other file
    request mechanism is supported in the EMSI specifications.

    Separator usage
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    To designate the fields within the EMSI/IEMSI packets and retain
    complete transparency, both start and stop characters are used.

    The ASCII1 type is used for all fields within the packet. This uses
    the brace characters to delimit the fields. The '{' (ASCII 123)
    character is the start byte and '}' (ASCII 125) is the stop byte.
    If a stop byte is used as literal data within a field, it must be
    transmitted twice. The end of a field is designated by a stop byte
    that is not followed by another identical stop byte.

    The ASCII2 fields are delimited in exactly the same way, but use the
    square brackets as delimiters. The '[' (ASCII 91) is the start byte
    and ']' (ASCII 93) is the stop byte. ASCII2 is used to delimit data
    within the ASCII1 extra_field information.

    7-bit data restriction
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    It is the developer's responsibility to ensure that the software
    generates EMSI/IEMSI packets and sequences containing only 7-bit
    (00H through 7eH) printable ASCII characters.

    It is recommended that all EMSI/IEMSI implementations strip the high-
    order bit of all received characters prior to processing the packet/
    sequence and prior to calculating CRC values.

    CRC values
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The polynomial used to calculate a 16-bit CRC is the same polynomial
    used in the Xmodem file transfer protocol. The polynomial used to
    calculate a 32-bit CRC is the same polynomial used in the Zmodem file
    transfer protocol.

    Binary values
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Since the EMSI environment specifies only 7-bit printable ASCII
    characters to be used, binary values, such as CRC and length
    descriptors are expressed as a four character hexadecimal string. The
    only exception to this is a 32-bit CRC value which is expressed as an
    eight character hexadecimal string.

    The application must treat them case insensitive, eg. ffaa should be
    treated identical to FFAA. 

    Handling 8-bit data
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Although EMSI only uses 7-bit printable ASCII characters, there is an
    escape mechanism that allows systems to transmit control and 8-bit
    ASCII characters without the requirement of an 8-bit data link. The
    escape character is a backslash character ('\') and is followed by two
    characters in hexadecimal notation. Eg. "\80" is the ASCII character
    128. To insert an actual backslash character, two backslashes are used
    ("\\"), or a backslash followed by the hexadecimal code for a
    backslash, eg. "\5c".

    The hexadecimal code following a backslash MUST always be two
    characters, ie. to insert ASCII 15 (hexadecimail 'f'), the result
    would be "0f". All hexadecimal sequences must be treated case
    insensitively.

    PART II - Electronic Mail Standard Idenfitication

    Connecting two EMSI capable systems
    =====================================================================
    This assumes that the two systems are connected and that no data
    has been transmitted by the Caller.

    It should be mentioned that sending/monitoring for the "YooHoo",
    "TSYNC", and other protocol start characters is optional and not
    required for a strict EMSI implementation.

    STEP 1, EMSI INIT    

        Calling system                   Answering system
    +-+-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
    :1: Send  until ANY character     : Send EMSI_REQ and possible       :
    : : is received.                  : banner, etc.                     :
    +-+-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
    :2: Receive banner, etc. Monitor  : Monitor line for the EMSI_INQ    :
    : : line for the EMSI_REQ         : sequence and if received,        :
    : : sequence and if received,     : attempt to handshake immediately.:
    : : transmit EMSI_INQ and attempt :                                  :
    : : to handshake immediately.     :                                  :
    +-+-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
    :3: No EMSI_REQ sequence received,: Monitor line for EMSI_INQ and    :
    : : send EMSI_INQ twice followed  : possible other protocol start    :
    : : by possible other protocol    : characters and if received,      :
    : : start characters.             : attempt to handshake immediately.:
    : :                               :                                  :
    : : Transmit                      : Go to step 3.                    :
    +-+-------------------------------+----------------------------------+
    :4: If EMSI_REQ sequence received,:
    : : send EMSI_INQ and attempt to  :
    : : handshake immediately,        :
    : : otherwise repeat step 3.      :
    +-+-------------------------------+

    In steps 1 and 2, both the Calling and Answering system terminate all
    sequences with . In step 3, the Calling system does not terminate
    sequences with  as it is explicitly transmitted after possible
    protocol start characters. In step 4, the Calling system once again
    terminate all sequences with a .

    STEP 2A, RECEIVE EMSI HANDSHAKE

    At this point, all sequences are terminated with a .

    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :1: Tries=0, T1=20 seconds, T2=60 seconds                            :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :2: Increment Tries                                                  :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : Tries>6?                      Terminate, and report failure.     :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Are we answering system?      Transmit EMSI_REQ, go to step 3.   :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Tries>1?                      Transmit EMSI_NAK, go to step 3.   :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 4.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :3: T1=20 seconds                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :4: Wait for EMSI sequence until EMSI_HBT or EMSI_DAT or any of the  :
    : : timers have expired.                                             :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : If T2 has expired, terminate call and report failure.            :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If T1 has expired, go to step 2.                                 :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_HBT received, go to step 3.                              :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_DAT received, go to step 5.                              :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 4.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :5: Receive EMSI_DAT packet                                          :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Packet received OK?                Transmit EMSI_ACK twice, and  :
    : :                                    go to step 6.                 :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 2.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :6: Received EMSI_DAT packet OK, exit.                               :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+

    All processing of the information in the EMSI_DAT packet must be done
    after transmitting EMSI_ACK twice to the remote system. It is
    recommended that an EMSI_HBT sequence is issued once every seven
    seconds while such processing is taking place to avoid unnecessary
    handshake collissions. Emitting EMSI_HBT should only be done when
    it is obvious that the remote system is waiting for the second phase
    of the EMSI handshake to take place.

    STEP 2B, TRANSMIT EMSI HANDSHAKE

    At this point, all sequences are terminated with a .

    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :1: Tries=0, T1=60 seconds                                           :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :2: Transmit EMSI_DAT packet and increment Tries                     :
    : :                                                                  :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Tries>6?                        Terminate, and report failure.   :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 3.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :3: T2=20 seconds                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :4: Wait for EMSI sequence until T1 has expired                      :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : If T1 has expired, terminate call and report failure.            :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If T2 has expired, go to step 2.                                 :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_REQ received, go to step 4.                              :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_ACK received, go to step 5.                              :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If any other sequence received, go to step 2.                    :             :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :5: Received EMSI_ACK, exit.                                         :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+

    EMSI packet and sequence definitions
    =====================================================================

    =====================================================================
    EMSI Inquiry                                               **EMSI_INQ
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI Inquiry is transmitted by the calling system to identify it as
    EMSI capable. If an EMSI_REQ sequence is received in response, it is
    safe to assume the answering system to be EMSI capable.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI Request                                               **EMSI_REQ
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI Request is transmitted by the answering system in response to an
    EMSI Inquiry sequence. It should also be transmitted prior to or
    immediately following the answering system has identified itself by
    transmitting its program name and/or banner. If the calling system
    receives an EMSI Request sequence, it can safely assume that the
    answering system is EMSI capable.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI Client                                                **EMSI_CLI
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI Client is used by terminal emulation software to force a mailer
    front-end to bypass any unnecessary mail session negotiation and
    treat the call as an incoming human caller. The EMSI_CLI sequence may
    not be issued by any software attempting to establish a mail session
    between two systems and must only be acted upon by an answering
    system.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI Heartbeat                                             **EMSI_HBT
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI Heartbeat is used to prevent unnecessary timeouts from occurring
    while attempting to handshake. It is most commonly used when the
    answering system turns around to transmit its EMSI_DAT packet. It is
    quite normal that any of the timers of the calling system (which at
    this stage is waiting for an EMSI_DAT packet) expires while the
    answering system is processing the recently received EMSI_DAT packet.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI Data                                                  **EMSI_DAT
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI Data is transmitted by both the calling and answering system at
    the appropriate time to exchange system information. Following the
    header is a four byte number representing the length of
    excluding the CRC and terminating .

    The EMSI_DAT packet is a variable length packet. Since this is a
    synchronous protocol, the inbound data buffer should be purged
    between transmission of the  and  fields to prevent
    accidental EMSI_NAK sequences, etc.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI ACK                                                   **EMSI_ACK
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI ACK is transmitted by either system as a positive
    acknowledgement of the valid receipt of a EMSI_DAT packet. This should
    only be used as a response to EMSI_DAT and not any other packet.
    Redundant EMSI_ACK sequences should be ignored.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI NAK                                                   **EMSI_NAK
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI NAK is transmitted by either system as a negative
    acknowledgement of the valid receipt of a EMSI_DAT packet. This
    should only be used as a response to EMSI_DAT and not any other
    packet. Redundant EMSI_NAK packets should be ignored.

    The EMSI_DAT packet
    =====================================================================
    The EMSI_DAT packet is the core of an EMSI negotiated session. It
    contains information vital to the mail session. The following pseudo
    structure shows the layout of the EMSI_DAT packet.

    EMSI_DAT
        fingerprint,            "EMSI"
        system_address_list,
        password,
        link_codes,
        compatibility_codes,
        mailer_product_code,
        mailer_name,
        mailer_version,
        mailer_serial_number:    ASCII1;
        extra_field_1,
            ..
            ..
        extra_field_n:            EMSI_addon; (optional fields)
    end;

    The EMSI_addon structure is defined as follows:

    EMSI_addon
        product_ID,
        specific_data:            ASCII1;
    end;

    Following is an example of the actual data transmitted as an EMSI_DAT
    packet:

    {EMSI}{2:270/17}{}{8N1,PUA}{ZAP,ZMO,ARC,XMA}{44}{AirMail}{0.10}
    {Beta-2}{IDENT}{[Advanced Engineering S.A.R.L.][Luxembourg]
    [Joaquim Homrighausen][-Unpublished-][9600][MO,XA,HST,V32B,V42B]}

    EMSI_DAT field definitions
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    =====================================================================
    Fingerprint                                                      EMSI
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The constant "EMSI". There is no need for a revision level since this
    basic format cannot change and remain backward compatible.

    =====================================================================
    System address list
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The system address list is a list of system-specific identifiers for
    the E-Mail system separated by spaces.

    For FidoNet-technology based networks, it is required that
    Zone:Net/Node be presented, and .Point be omitted if zero. Zone and
    Net must not be zero.

    In other networks, an address such as "jhom@csource.oz.au" should be
    considered valid.

    =====================================================================
    Password
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    For systems using a session level password, it would be passed in
    this field. Note that the same password is used for all presented
    addresses and that it must be treated case insensitive.

    =====================================================================
    Link codes
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Link codes is a string of flags that specify desired connect
    conditions. These codes are separated by commas. New codes may be
    added with prior approval from the author of this document.

    Calling system/answering system options:

        8N1,
        7E1,
        7O2,
        etc.       Communication parameters.

    Calling system options:

        PUA        Pickup mail for all presented addresses.
        PUP        Pickup mail for primary address only.
        NPU        No mail pickup desired.

    Answering system options:

        HAT        Hold ALL traffic.
        HXT        Hold compressed mail traffic.
        HRQ        Hold file requests (not processed at this time).

    =====================================================================
    Compatibility codes
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Compatibility codes is a string of flags that specifies the
    capabilities and enabled features of the mailer. These codes are
    separated by commas. New codes may be added with prior approval from
    the author of this document.

    The calling system must list supported protocols first and descending
    order of preference (the most desirable protocol should be listed
    first). The answering system should only present one protocol and it
    should be the first item in the compatibility_codes field.

        Protocols
        -----------------------------------------------------------------
        DZA*    DirectZAP (Zmodem variant).
        ZAP     ZedZap (Zmodem variant).
        ZMO**   Zmodem w/1,024 byte data packets.
        JAN     Janus.
        KER     Kermit.

        Other codes
        -----------------------------------------------------------------
        NCP     No compatible protocols (failure).
        NRQ     No file requests accepted by this system.
        ARC     ARCmail 0.60-capable, as defined by the FTSC.
        XMA     Supports other forms of compressed mail.
        FNC     Filename conversion. This indicates that any transmitted
                files must follow the MS-DOS restrictions of an eight
                character file name followed by a three character
                extension; eg. FILENAME.EXT

    (*) DirectZAP is a variant of ZedZap. The difference is that the
    transmitter only escapes CAN (18H). It is not recommended to use the
    DirectZAP protocol when two systems are connected via a packet
    switching network, or via another layer sensitive to control
    characters such as XON and XOFF.

    (**) The minimum protocol requirement for an EMSI implementation is
    to support plain Zmodem (16- or 32-bit CRC, 1,024 byte packets) which
    is represented by the ZMO flag in EMSI.

    =====================================================================
    Mailer product code
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The hexadecimal representation of the EMSC product code assigned to
    the mailer. Currently, the EMSC codes are the same as the FTSC
    assigned codes.

    =====================================================================
    Mailer name
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Specifies the name of the E-Mail system sending the EMSI packet.

    =====================================================================
    Mailer version
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The version number of the mailer software, ie. "1.10", "2.00".

    =====================================================================
    Mailer serial number
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The serial number, distribution source, version information, etc.
    This field is usually displayed like:

        NameVersion/Serial_number

    eg.

        AirMail 0.10/Beta-2

    =====================================================================
    Extra fields
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The extra fields make the EMSI handshake protocol extremely flexible.
    Any program or mailer may add fields to the end of the pre-defined
    structure so that program-specific data may be passed without the
    concern of interferring with other systems.

    There may be any number of extra fields added to the end of this
    structure. Each EXTRA_FIELD contains two ASCII1 strings:

    PRODUCT_IDENTIFIER      A unique "tag" that defines a specific
                            program (such as a mailer or a utility).

    SPECIFIC_DATA           ASCII text that is specific data to the
                            program defined in PRODUCT_IDENTIFIER. With
                            this structure, any program can add its own
                            data to the EMSI packet without affecting
                            other applications.

    It is recommended that you contact the author of this document should
    you have any EXTRA_FIELDS that you may think worthwhile for other
    developers to implement and support.

    Predefined extra fields
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The following extra fields have been defined to date.

    PRODUCT_IDENTIFIER   :  IDENT

    Purpose              :  General identification of system that
                            includes all information to generate a St.
                            Louis-format nodelist entry.

    SPECIFIC_DATA        :  system_name,
                            city,
                            operator_name,
                            phone_number,
                            baud_rate,
                            flags:            ASCII2;

        SYSTEM_NAME         The name of the system given by the user.
                            This would normally be a company name, BBS
                            name or other identifying text.

        CITY                The geographical location of the system.

        OPERATOR_NAME       The name of the person primarily responsible
                            for the system.

        PHONE_NUMBER        The telephone number of the system, or
                            "-Unpublished-" if the telephone number is
                            unpublished. This MUST be in the standard
                            format COUNTRY-CITY-NUMBER. Leading zeros
                            should be stripped from the city code,
                            ie. Stockholm (Sweden) has a city code of 08,
                            included in an EMSI packet, it would read
                            46-8-.

        BAUD_RATE           The maximum baud rate supported by the
                            system. This is NOT necessarily the same as
                            the highest DTE rate.

        FLAGS               The St. Louis (FTSC) nodelist flags
                            associated with the system.

    PART III - Interactive Electronic Mail Standard Idenfitication

    Connecting two IEMSI capable systems
    =====================================================================
    Two specific labels are used when discussing the IEMSI definitions.
    The Client, which in this case is the Terminal software, and the
    Server, which in this case is the interactive on-line software,
    such as a BBS package or database system. It is assumed that the
    Client and the Server have established a data link and that no
    data has been transmitted by the Server.

    STEP 1, IEMSI INIT    

    There is no specific sequence of events in the IEMSI definition. The
    Client must monitor incoming data and if the EMSI_IRQ sequence is
    detected, it attempts to negotiate an IEMSI session with the Server.
    Under no circumstances is the Client allowed to transmit an EMSI_ICI
    packet prior to receiving the EMSI_IRQ sequence from the Server.
    All IEMSI sequences and EMSI sequences used during an IEMSI session
    are terminated by a single . There are no exceptions to this.

    STEP 2A, Server

    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :1: Tries=0, T2=60 seconds                                           :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :2: Transmit EMSI_IRQ sequence                                       :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :3: T1=20 seconds, increment Tries                                   :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : Tries>3?                        Discontinue IEMSI negotiation.   :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :4: Wait for EMSI_ICI packet until any of the timers have expired.   :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : If T2 has expired, discontinue IEMSI negotiation.                :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If T1 has expired, go to step 2.                                 :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_ICI seen, go to step 5.                                  :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 4.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :5: Receive EMSI_ICI packet                                          :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Packet received OK?             Transmit EMSI_ISI packet, and    :
    : :                                 go to step 6.                    :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Packet not received OK?         Transmit EMSI_NAK and go to step :
    : :                                 3.                               :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :6: Tries=0                                                          :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :7: T1=20 seconds, increment Tries                                   :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : Tries>3?                        Discontinue IEMSI negotiation.   :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :8: Wait for EMSI_ACK/EMSI_NAK until any of the timers have expired. :
    : :                                                                  :
    : : If T2 has expired, discontinue IEMSI negotiation.                :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If T1 has expired or EMSI_NAK received, transmit EMSI_ISI packet :
    : : again and go to step 7.                                          :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_ACK received, go to step 9.                              :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 8.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :9: IEMSI session successfully established, exit.                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+

    The Server must monitor its incoming data channel for 'normal' data,
    ie. data not transmitted as IEMSI sequences, to detect if the user is
    attempting to log-in without the use of IEMSI. The only basic
    restriction this imposes on the Server is that user names and/or IDs
    may not start with the character '*' since all EMSI/IEMSI sequences
    start with this character.

    All processing of the information in the EMSI_ICI packet must be done
    after transmitting the EMSI_ISI packet and receiving two EMSI_ACK
    sequences in return.

    STEP 2B, Client

    Note that this assumes that the Client has seen the EMSI_IRQ sequence
    transmitted by the Server and that the negotiation is ready to take
    place.

    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :1: Tries=0, T2=60 seconds                                           :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :2: Transmit EMSI_ICI packet                                         :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :3: T1=20 seconds, increment Tries                                   :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :5: Tries>3 or T2 expired?            Discontinue IEMSI negotiation. :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If T1 has expired, go to step 2.                                 :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : If EMSI_ISI seen, go to step 6.                                  :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Go to step 5.                                                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :6: Receive EMSI_ISI packet                                          :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Packet received OK?              Transmit EMSI_ACK packet twice, :
    : :                                  and go to step 7.               :
    : +------------------------------------------------------------------+
    : : Packet not received OK?          Transmit EMSI_NAK and go to step:
    : :                                  3.                              :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+
    :7: IEMSI session successfully established, exit.                    :
    +-+------------------------------------------------------------------+

    All processing of the information in the EMSI_ISI packet must be done
    after transmitting two EMSI_ACK sequences in return.

    If either of the ICI or ISI packets are NAK'd three consecutive times,
    the session negotiation attempt is terminated and the Client proceeds
    as it would have done should the Server not have supported IEMSI.

    IEMSI packet and sequence definitions
    =====================================================================

    =====================================================================
    EMSI ACK                                                   **EMSI_ACK
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI ACK is transmitted by either Client or Server as a positive
    acknowledgement of the valid receipt of an IEMSI packet such as
    EMSI_ISI and EMSI_ICI. During an IEMSI session, this sequence can,
    however, be used as a positive acknowledgement for other IEMSI
    packets. Redundant EMSI_ACK sequences should be ignored.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI NAK                                                   **EMSI_NAK
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    EMSI NAK is transmitted by either Client or Server as a negative
    acknowledgement of the valid receipt of an IEMSI packet such as
    EMSI_ISI and EMSI_ICI. During an IEMSI session, this sequence can,
    however, be used as a negative acknowledgement for other IEMSI
    packets. Redundant EMSI_NAK sequences should be ignored.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI IRQ                                                   **EMSI_IRQ
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Similar to EMSI_REQ which is used by mailer software to negotiate a
    mail session. IRQ identifies the Server as being capable of
    negotiating an IEMSI session. When the Client detects an IRQ sequence
    in its inbound data stream, it attempts to negotiate an IEMSI
    session.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI IIR                                                   **EMSI_IIR
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The IIR (Interactive Interrupt Request) sequence is used by either
    Client or Server to abort the current negotiation. This could be
    during the initial IEMSI handshake or during other interactions
    between the Client and the Server.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI ICI                                                   **EMSI_ICI
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The ICI packet is used by the Client to transmit its configuration
    and Server-related information to the Server. It contains Server
    parameters, Client options, and Client capabilities.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI ISI                                                   **EMSI_ISI
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The ISI packet is used by the Server to transmit its configuration
    and Client-related information to the Client. It contains Server data
    and capabilities.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI ISM                                                   **EMSI_ISM
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The ISM packet is used to transfer ASCII images from the Server to
    the Client. These images can then be recalled by the Client when
    the Server needs to display a previously displayed image. This will
    be further described in future revisions of this document.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI CHT                                                   **EMSI_CHT
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The CHT sequence is used by the Server to instruct the Client
    software to enter its full-screen conversation mode function (CHAT).
    Whether or not the Client software supports this is indicated in the
    ICI packet.

    If the Server transmits this sequence to the Client, it must wait for
    an EMSI_ACK prior to engaging its conversation mode. If no EMSI_ACK
    sequence is received with ten seconds, it is safe to assume that the
    Client does not support EMSI_CHT. If, however, an EMSI_NAK sequence
    is received from the Client, the Server must re-transmit the
    EMSI_CHT sequence. Once the on-line conversation function has been
    sucessfully activated, the Server must not echo any received
    characters back to the Client.

    =====================================================================
    EMSI TCH                                                   **EMSI_TCH
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The TCH sequence is used by the Server to instruct the Client
    software to terminate its full-screen conversation mode function
    (CHAT).

    If the Server transmits this sequence to the Client, it must wait for
    an EMSI_ACK prior to leaving its conversation mode. If no EMSI_ACK
    sequence is received with ten seconds, a second EMSI_TCH sequence
    should be issued before the Server resumes operation. If, however, an
    EMSI_NAK sequence is received from the Client, the Server must
    re-transmit the EMSI_TCH sequence.

    The EMSI_ICI packet
    =====================================================================
    The following pseudo structure shows the layout of the EMSI_ICI
    packet. Note that the information in the EMSI_ICI packet may not
    exceed 2,048 bytes.

    EMSI_ICI
        name,
        alias,
        location,
        data#,
        voice#,
        password,
        birthdate,
        crtdef,
        protocols,
        capabilities,
        requests,
        software,
        xlattabl:                ASCII1;
    end;

    EMSI_ICI field definitions
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    =====================================================================
    Name and Alias (or Handle)
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The name and possible alias (AKA) of the user (Client). This must be
    treated case insensitively by the Server.

    =====================================================================
    Location
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The geographical location of the user, ie. Stockholm, Sweden.

    =====================================================================
    data# and voice#
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Unformatted data and voice telephone numbers of the user. Unformatted
    is defined as the full telephone number, including country and local
    area code. Eg. 46-8-90510 is a telephone number in Stockholm, Sweden.

    =====================================================================
    Password
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The password for the user. This must be treated case insensitively by
    the Server.

    =====================================================================
    Birthdate
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Hexadecimal string representing a long integer containing the birth-
    date of the user in UNIX notation (number of seconds since midnight,
    Jan 1 1970). This must be treated case insensitively by the Server.

    =====================================================================
    CrtDef
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Consisting of four sub-fields separated by commas, this field
    contains from left to right: The requested terminal emulation
    protocol, the number of rows of the user's CRT, the number of columns
    of the user's CRT, and the number of ASCII NUL (00H) characters the
    user's software requires to be transmitted between each line of text.

    The following terminal emulation protocols are defined:

        AVT0    AVATAR/0+. Used in conjunction with ANSI. If AVT0 is
                specified by the Client, support for ANSI X3.64 emulation
                should be assumed to be present.
        ANSI    ANSI X3.64
        VT52    DEC VT52
        VT100   DEC VT100
        TTY     No terminal emulation, also referred to as RAW mode.

    =====================================================================
    Protocols
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The file transfer protocol option specifies the preferred method of
    transferring files between the Client and the Server in either
    direction. The Client presents all transfer protocols it is capable
    of supporting and the Server chooses the most appropriate protocol.

        DZA*    DirectZAP (Zmodem variant)
        ZAP     ZedZap (Zmodem variant)
        ZMO     Zmodem w/1,024 byte data packets
        SLK     SEAlink
        KER     Kermit

    (*) DirectZAP is a variant of ZedZap. The difference is that the
    transmitter only escapes CAN (18H). It is not recommended to use the
    DirectZAP protocol when the Client and the Server are connected via a
    packet switching network, or via another layer sensitive to control
    characters such as XON and XOFF.

    =====================================================================
    Capabilities
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The capabilities of the user's software. If more than one capability
    is listed, each capability is separated by a comma.

    The following capability codes are defined:

        CHT     Can do full-screen on-line conversation (CHAT).
        MNU     Can do ASCII image download (see ISM packet).
        TAB     Can handle TAB (ASCII 09H) characters.
        ASCII8  Can handle 8-bit IBM PC ASCII characters.

    =====================================================================
    Requests
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The requests field specifies what the user wishes to do once the
    initial IEMSI negotiation has been successfully completed. If more
    than one capability is listed, each capability is separated by a
    comma.

    The following request codes are defined:

        NEWS    Show bulletins, announcements, etc.
        MAIL    Check for new mail.
        FILE    Check for new files.
        HOT     Hot-Keys.
        CLR     Screen clearing.
        HUSH    Do not disturb.
        MORE    Page pausing, often referred to as "More".
        FSED*   Full-screen editor.
        XPRS    .

    (*) Note that this allows the Client to request use of a full-screen
    editor without requiring that it also supports a full-screen terminal
    emulation protocol.

    =====================================================================
    Software
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The name, version number, and optionally the serial number of the
    user's software. Eg. {FrontDoor,2.00,AE000001}.

    =====================================================================
    XlatTabl
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Used for character translation between the Server and the Client.
    This field has not been completely defined yet and should always be
    transmitted as {} (empty).

    The EMSI_ISI packet
    =====================================================================
    The following pseudo structure shows the layout of the EMSI_ISI
    packet. Note that the information in the EMSI_ISI packet may not
    exceed 2,048 bytes.

    EMSI_ISI
        id,
        name,
        location,
        operator,
        localtime,
        notice,
        wait,
        capabilities:            ASCII1;
    end;

    EMSI_ISI field definitions
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

    =====================================================================
    ID
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The name, version number, and optionally the serial number of the
    Server software. Eg. {RemoteAccess,1.10/b5,CS000001}.

    =====================================================================
    Name
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The name of the Server system. Eg. {Advanced Engineering S.A.R.L.}.

    =====================================================================
    Location
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The geographical location of the user, ie. Stockholm, Sweden.

    =====================================================================
    Operator
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The name of the primary operator of the Server software. Eg. {Joaquim
    H. Homrighausen}.

    =====================================================================
    Localtime
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Hexadecimal string representing a long integer containing the current
    time of the Server in UNIX notation (number of seconds since midnight,
    Jan 1 1970). This must be treated case insensitively by the Client.

    =====================================================================
    Notice
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    May contain copyright notices, system information, etc. This field
    may optionally be displayed by the Client.

    =====================================================================
    Wait
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    A single character used by the Server to indicate that the user
    has to press the  key to resume operation. This is used in
    conjunction with ASCII Image Downloads (see ISM packet).

    =====================================================================
    Capabilities
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    The capabilities of the Server software. No Server software
    capabilities have currently been defined.

    Credits and other notes
    =====================================================================
    The original EMSI specifications were designed by Chris Irwin and
    Joaquim H. Homrighausen. The original IEMSI specifications were
    designed by Joaquim H. Homrighausen and Andrew Milner.

    --- end of "emsi.doc" ---